Cancer has become a non defeatable, fatal invader which endanger the human lives, challenging the modern medical science. Recorded data imply that 1 out of 3 of the world’s male population and 1 out of 2 of the world’s female population is in the risk of cancer. Estimated number of cancer deaths within this year (up to September 2019) is about 4,551,494. Even now, within the duration of the minute you read this article, about 17 million people are suffering and 11.8 people are dying due to cancer.
Cancer can be scientifically defined as a mass of abnormal cells with an uncontrollable growth, which has the ability of spreading out to the other parts of the body. Cancers occur due to the cease of the normal metabolic activities of the body. Here, the natural death of old cells is hindered while uncontrollable, abnormal growth of new cells begins. Lung cancers and breast cancers are found to be the most common of the reported cancer types. Females are highly diagnosed with breast and lung cancers while males are highly diagnosed with prostate and lung cancers. Based on the place on which the tumor is developed; cancer can be put into 5 categories.
1. Carcinomas which occur on the skin or the tissues covering internal organs
2. Sarcoma which invade the connective tissues such as bones, cartilage and fat
3. Leukaemia which occurs related to blood circulatory system and bone marrow
4. Lymphoma which develop on immune system
5. Central nervous system cancers which appear on the brain and spinal chord
And also cancer can be categorized into 5 categories (according to Cancer Stage System) based on the growth stage of cancer.
Stage 0: No visible tumour but there are cells with the potential of developing into a cancer
Stage 1: Early cancer stage in which a small tumour can be seen only on single place
Stage 2 and stage 3: Cancer has developed and grown into near by tissues and lymph nodes
Stage 4: The advanced stage where the cancer has invaded the other parts of body
Even though the present world is blessed with huge advances in science and technology, a permanent cure for cancer has not been discovered. But it can be put into remission and suppression for years with some effective and advanced treatments. The longest survival period of cancer patients are recorded to be 5 years. The treatments depend on the type and the stage of the cancer. The basic purpose of cancer treatment is to destroy many cancer cells as possible while causing the minimum damage to the normal body cells. The most commonly used treatments are surgeries, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immuno therapy, targeted therapy and bone marrow transplant.
In surgeries cancer tissue (tumor) is directly removed from the body while chemical drugs are used in chemotherapy and X-rays are used in radiation therapy to destroy the cancer cells. Like this, every cancer treatment method have their own way of approaching the issue and fighting with the cancer.
Normally even after a surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy treatments must be continued to control the re-occurring of tumor. These treatments are believed to be very painful to the patients. According to the data resources, chemotherapy and hormone therapy cause aftereffects such as muscle and stomach pains, hair loss, constipation, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, decrease of blood cell counts and also some chemical drugs used here increase the possibility of developing a 2nd cancer. Radiation therapy causes after effects such as fatigue, over sensitiveness of exposed area and emotional stress. However it is said that the pain causing from these treatments have been minimized with the development of technology and also some of these aftereffects can be prevented by some drugs.
German chemist Paul Elrich who found chemotherapy, Doctor William Coley: the father of immunotherapy, Helen Coley and Oliver Grace who are the founders of Cancer Research Institute and many other scientists have dedicated themselves to the progress we have made yet in cancer treatments. Recently Hasini Jayathilaka who is a chemistry and bio medical engineering student of the Johns Hopkins University in USA has been able to detect a communication pathway through which cancer cells communicate with each other. The scientists state that this discovery is a promising pathway to find a way of inhibiting the multiplication and spread of cancer cells. And also Professor Jayantha Rajapaksha of the University of Peradeniya and his research team have found that the bitter guard seeds are having the ability of suppressing cancer cells. However both these treatments are still in the experimental level.
Smoking, tobacco, dietary habits, lack of physical activities, radiation, some genetic traits, over use of alcohol are said to be the most common causes of cancer.
It is an infamous perspective that many food items like instant noodles, meat based products (sausages, ham, beacon etc.), diet drinks are cancer causing (carcinogenic) foods, especially since they include MSG (Mono Sodium Glutamate) as an additive. Anyhow, there is no any standard experiment or research paper published yet which proves the MSG to be carcinogenic. The scientists who argue against naming MSG as cancer causative food items, state that MSG is a chemically synthesized compound which is already included in many natural foods like tomato, potato, grapes, cheese etc. So there is another explanation that the combination of MSG and high amount of starch brings out these adverse effects.
In the positive side; many natural food items like cassava, broccoli, carrot, beans, cinnamon, berries and turmeric are proved to have cancer suppressing ability within them.
It is true that the busy life style and tight schedules persuade us to go for the quickest and the easiest method; consuming junk food or instant food. Anyway the fact that the they are not scientifically proven to be cancer causes makes us easier to neglect the threat. At any rate, the prevention is always better than the cure. Furthermore, cancer is proven to be an enemy whom cannot be defeated with our current knowledge or technologies. To this end, including natural food in our diet, consuming food free of organic fertilizer and trying to avoid other cancer causing factors will facilitate human beings to live a cancer free, healthy lifestyle.
Article by- Budni Hewavidana
Edited by- Trishani Ranasinghe
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